Extension Specialist Recommends Annually Testing Well Water for Bacterial Safety

Contact: Bob Schultheis, natural resource engineering specialist
Headquartered in Webster County
Tel: (417) 859-2044
E-mail: schultheisr@missouri.edu

MARSHFIELD, Mo. -- Rural residents who get their water from private wells need to take steps to make sure their water supply is safe according to Bob Schultheis, a natural resources engineering specialist with University of Missouri Extension.

The best way to make sure water is safe is with an annual water test that monitors for bacteria and other contaminants that can make well water unhealthy.

"This inexpensive test can be obtained through your county’s health department and can provide peace of mind for rural homeowners, or can alert them to a serious problem that needs correcting,” said Schultheis.

Sample bottles for water tests, along with instructions, are available from the county health departments. Results are normally mailed back within seven to 10 days.

Schultheis responds here to the most common questions he receives on this issue.

Q: Protecting the safety of our drinking water is important, but difficult because of the fractured geology and cave structure underlying the Ozarks. How big of a problem is contamination of water wells in rural areas?

A: “Missouri Department of Health testing results show that, depending on the county, one third to one-half of private water well systems in southwest Missouri are contaminated with coliform bacteria at unsafe levels,” said Schultheis.

Q: What are some common ways water wells can get contaminated?

A: Failing septic systems located near the well are the biggest concern, especially if the well was drilled prior to 1987.  Heavy rainfall flushing down sinkholes and losing streams, rapid housing development within a couple of miles of the well, and opening the plumbing system to make repairs are other common ways.

Q: How often should a private water well be tested for bacteria and what does it cost?

A: “The water should be tested at least annually, and preferably quarterly,” said Schultheis.  Sample bottles with instructions can be obtained from your county health department and the testing costs $10 per sample.  For most accurate results, keep the sample cool and away from light and get it to the lab within six hours of drawing it. Test results are returned to you within a week and should be kept with your important papers for liability purposes.

Q: If my well tests positive for bacteria, what can I do to correct it?

A: Shock-chlorination with ordinary, unscented laundry bleach or swimming pool chlorine tablets is often an inexpensive and effective way to correct the problem.  After 7 to 10 days, the water should then be rechecked for bacteria.

Q: Where can I get more information on water testing and treatment options?

A: For information on water testing and treatment procedures, contact the nearest University of Missouri Extension Center. These helpful MU Extension publications are available: WQ101 "Understanding Your Water Test Report," WQ102 "Bacteria in Drinking Water," WQ103 "Nitrate in Drinking Water" or WQ104 "Understanding Home Water Treatment Systems." These guides are also available online at extension.missouri.edu/webster.
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Alfalfa Tour in Lawrence County April 22, Register by April 14

Contact: Tim Schnakenberg, agronomy specialist
Headquartered in Stone County
Tel: (417) 357-6812
E-mail: schnakenbergc@missouri.edu

GALENA, Mo. – Raising alfalfa in the Ozarks is an effective way of producing protein and energy sources to supplement beef and dairy cattle diets, according to Tim Schnakenberg, an agronomy specialist with University of Missouri Extension.

The Lawrence County Extension Center is offering a program and tour to address this subject starting at 4:30 p.m. on Tuesday, April 22, at the Glenn and Toni Obermann farm near Freistatt in central Lawrence County.

The program will focus on the benefits of alfalfa in beef nutrition, establishment and management, variety selection, weed and insect control, hay harvest techniques and making haylage.

“Feed supplements are a significant expenditure when raising cattle.  If a producer has the land, labor and equipment available, the possibility of growing alfalfa to supplement beef diets may be worth considering, “said Schnakenberg.  “Glenn and Toni have been raising alfalfa for many years and this will be an outstanding tour location to discuss quality alfalfa production.  They are also involved in a steer backgrounding program.”

Schnakenberg and Eldon Cole, a livestock specialist with University of Missouri Extension, will be on hand for the discussion.

To find the Obermann farm from the Monett area, take Hwy 60 just east of Monett to Farm Rd. 1100 and go north 4.5 miles to the farm on the left.  From Freistatt, take Farm Rd. 2180 east 1 mile.  Turn south on Farm Rd. 1100 and travel 2.5 miles to the farm on the right. Watch for signs at the farm.

A dinner will be served after the tour in Freistatt and is sponsored by Fritz Implement, MFA Incorporated and W-L Alfalfas.  Participants must pre-register to reserve a meal by calling the Lawrence County Extension Center at (417) 466-3102 by April 14.

Space is limited so participants are encouraged to preregister early.  Bringing lawn chairs is recommended.
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Careless Mowing and Weed Trimming Can Cause Trees to Die a Slow Death

Contact: Patrick Byers, horticulture specialist
Headquartered in Greene County
Tel: (417) 881-8909
E-mail: byerspl@missouri.edu

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. -- Homeowners might be their trees’ worst enemy if they don’t take care when using mowers and weed eaters around them.

“Trees don’t heal from cuts like we do, so a lawn mower scrape, or a trimmer slash, creates a permanent injury,” said Patrick Byers, horticulture specialist with University of Missouri Extension. “Once the underlying wood is exposed, you’ve put out a welcome sign for diseases and pests to attack your trees.”

Many an older tree has succumbed to internal rot that originated with damage caused years earlier.

According to Byers, there is an easy way to avoid this kind of damage.  Remove the grass and weeds from around the tree.  Not only will it make it unnecessary to mow near the tree, the tree will not have to compete for the nutrients and water.

Spreading mulch of leaves, grass clippings or straw around trees will keep weeds and grass under control and will give the tree base an attractive appearance. Plus, these organic mulches will help conserve moisture, keep soil temperatures stable, and add nutrients to the soil.

“Damage by mowers and weed trimmers isn’t a tree problem, it’s a people problem. That mighty oak may look invincible, but careless mowing and weed trimming can cause it to die, slowly, from a thousand small cuts,” said Byers.

For more information on this and other lawn and garden questions, call the University of Missouri Master Gardener Helpline at the Greene County Extension Center, (417) 881-8909.

For 100 years, MU Extension has engaged Missourians in relevant programs based on University of Missouri research. The year 2014 marks the centennial of the Smith-Lever Act, which formalized the Cooperative Agricultural Extension Service, a national network whose purpose is to extend university-based knowledge beyond the campus.

University of Missouri Extension programs focus on the high-priority needs of Missourians. Each county extension center, with oversight by locally elected and appointed citizens, is your local link to practical education on almost anything. More information on this topic is available online at http://extension.missouri.edu.
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Choosing Bull Turnout Time This Spring

Eldon Cole, Livestock Specialist
Headquartered in Lawrence County
Tel:  (417) 466-3102
E-mail:  colee@missouri.edu

MT. VERNON, Mo. – This past winter (2013-14) has been hard on livestock and the people managing them according to Eldon Cole, a livestock specialist with University of Missouri Extension.

“The severe cold, wind and precipitation is now causing beef cow-calf raisers to evaluate their breeding season for later this spring,” said Cole. “I’ve had more than one say they are not turning their bulls out until May 20 or even later because they don’t want to calve in February again.”

Cole says he sympathizes with those raising cattle regarding losses due to the weather this year. At the same time, he wonders if holding the bulls out or delaying the artificial insemination date is the answer.

WEATHER PREDICTION

According to Pat Guinan, the Missouri agriculture extension climatologist,  there are no guarantees on what February 2015 weather will be like but data collected over does help him make a forecast.

“Overall, February temperature trends across southwestern Missouri over the past 25 years have been mild,” said Guinan. “Since 1990, there have only been nine Februaries (36%) with below normal temperatures and of those nine, only two were especially cold, 2010 and 2014.”

Guinan went on to note that our winter temperature trends have been mostly benign.

“Only seven of the past 25 (28%) have been colder than normal.  There were three that have been notably cold:  2000-01, 2009-10 and yes, 2013-14,” said Guinan.

When it comes for forecasting, Guinan declined to go out on a limb to speculate what exactly might happen in February 2015.  However, the past February was the 18th coldest in southwest Missouri dating back to 1895.

IMPACT OF DELAYING

Farmers who choose to delay the breeding season for their cattle should be aware of those downsides too.

“Calving 30 days later will affect weaning weights by around 50 pounds per head.  Sure, you can leave them on the cow longer but that may mess up your weaning and sale marketing schedule,” said Cole.

Some of producers but their calves in the feedlot and the younger calf might not hit the top market for fed cattle. Cole says it seems the best fed prices usually are in April

“It’s likely a later breeding season will result in more open cows if you follow a limited breeding season of 60-70 days or less.  Late May and early June breeding should not be so hot as to result in poor conception rates,” said Cole.

If breeding moves into late June, July and possibly August, conception rates drop and early embryonic deaths will increase due to hot weather stress. This problem exists especially on the “hot”, endophyte-infected fescue.

“Just as we can’t say for certain that February 2015 will be very cold or relatively mild, we don’t know this summer’s breeding season temperatures.  Delaying the breeding season could result in late summer or even fall calves depending on bull management and the summer heat,” said Cole.

IMPROVE CONDITIONS

In lieu of altering the breeding season, Cole says producers may make plans to provide a better calving environment if February 2015 is another bad one.

Changes could involve:  a more protected calving pasture; more bedding; feeding females late in the day for more daytime births, especially heifers; more night-time checks on heavy springers and evaluate warming techniques for severely chilled calves.

“Remember, there are tradeoffs on any management decision.  Cow-calf raisers need to thoroughly evaluate those tradeoffs before delaying their bull turnout this spring,” said Cole.

MORE INFORMATION

For more information, contact any of the MU Extension livestock specialists in southwest Missouri: Eldon Cole in Mt. Vernon, (417) 466-3102, Andy McCorkill in Dallas County at (417) 345-7551, Dr. Patrick Davis in Cedar County at (417) 276-3313 or Logan Wallace in Howell County at (417) 256-2391.
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Donated Vehicles and Farm Equipment Can Give Financial Boost to Greene County Extension

Contact: David Burton, civic communication specialist
County Program Director - Greene County
Tel: (417) 881-8909
E-mail: burtond@missouri.edu

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. -- The Greene County Extension Council is generating money for educational programs and office operations thanks to a partnership with a national vehicle buying company with a Rogersville location.

Cars, trucks, motorcycles, RVs, ATVs, boats, boat motors and farm equipment -- in any condition -- can now be donated to the Greene County Extension Council by calling the office at 417-881-8909 or by visiting them online at extension.missouri.edu/greene.

“This is a perfect way to contribute to Greene County Extension and help us maintain our programs and office operations,” said David Burton, county program director for Greene County Extension. “Best of all, we think this is a valuable service and a great way to clean up a yard or farm. For no cost, you can get rid of a heap of junk and extension gets money to keep operating.”

Through a local partnership, Extension is able to accept nearly anything as a donation.

“It doesn’t even need a motor or wheels for that matter. If you have an old turning plow that’s broken, they can sell it,” Burton said. “They can sell junked tractors, combines, trucks, ATVs. If you don’t want it, donate it to Greene County Extension.”

Donations can be arranged through the Greene County Extension office. Arrangements can then be made to have CoPart pick up the vehicle at a time that works best for the donor, or the donor can deliver the item to CoPart’s location in Rogersville save Extension the hauling fee.

When the vehicle is picked up (or delivered) the owner must sign over the title.

To arrange for a pickup through Extension online or by email the following information will be needed: name, address and telephone for the owner and type of item; if it is a vehicle we will need VIN, make, model, year, color and mileage.

PROGRAM HISTORY

Initially, marketed as “Donate Your Hunk of Junk,” the program was linked nationally to a company known as AutoWranglers. This partnership allowed Extension to receive the benefits of donated vehicles without owning them. Following a family tragedy that caused the owner of AutoWranglers to close his business it became necessary to find another partnering business and develop a local program.

The owner of AutoWranglers used his contacts to get Greene County Extension set up with Copart. This national company just happens to have a location just east of Rogersville along Hwy. 60. The company specializes in online auctions of vehicles, boats and farm equipment at www.copart.com.

CoPart charges Greene County Extension a per item fee to process the title and sale. All proceeds over that amount are given to the Greene County Extension Council. During the month of December 2013, CoPart sold three vehicles on behalf of Greene County Extension netting the local office just over $3,000.

FINANCIAL NEED

Funds remain tight at the Extension office after Greene County Commissioners cut the county contribution to the extension council by 90 percent in 2011.

“We understand the Commissioners have a difficult budget situation and that the budget is tight. However, it does take money to provide the services we offer to residents. Thanks to the vehicle donation program, anyone can help support the Greene County Extension office,” said Burton.

Since 1914, residents of Greene County, Missouri (and adjoining counties) have sought help from MU Extension in areas related to agriculture, gardening, Master Gardeners, 4-H youth, nutrition, cooking, families, Master Naturalists and business and community development. During 2013 over 46,000 residents of Greene County received unbiased and research-based information, assistance or education through the Greene County Extension Center.

“Thousands of children have come through the 4-H programs we have offered in this county and they are better adults as a result of the experience. Farmers and gardeners use our services year round. The impact extension has on Greene County and the area is just massive,” said Burton. “Donating your old car to Extension will help these services continue.”

LEARN MORE

To learn about the “Friends of Greene County Extension,” a campaign to raise funds for Greene County Extension, call (417) 881-8909 or go online to http://extension.missouri.edu/greene. The Friends campaign was established in 2012 in effort to privately raise monies to keep the Greene County Extension office open to the public.

MU Extension Offering Leadership Academy in West Plains Starting May 1; Register Early Since Seating is Limited

Contact: Amy Patillo, Community Development Specialist
Headquartered at the Howell County Extension Center
Tel: (417) 256-2391
E-mail: patilloa@missouri.edu

WEST PLAINS, Mo. – University of Missouri Extension and the Howell County Extension Center is offering a Leadership Academy in West Plains beginning May 1.

Missouri Training Institute Leadership Series, under the direction of University of Missouri Extension, offers top-notch training for managers and leaders in all industries including government, for-profit and non-profit organizations operating in southwest Missouri and northern Arkansas.

The professional series will address the following topics: building effective relationships, communicating successfully, leading high-performance teams, strategic planning and action planning.  

The training will take place over five days with classes beginning on Thursday, May 1 from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. and continuing each Thursday in May.  All classes will be held at the Howell County Extension Center, 217 Aid Ave., West Plains.

The cost for the entire series is $750 per person or $185 for a full-day session of your choice. Send a second person for $50 off one session or $100 off the total Academy price.

Enrollment in the series can be done by calling the Howell County Extension office at (417) 256-2391 or emailing them at howellco@missouri.edu. It is also possible to download a registration form online at http://extension.missouri.edu/howell.

SESSIONS BEING OFFERED

May 1: Building Effective Relationships in Business: This is one of the best strategies to ensure team performance and prevent conflicts. Our workplace relationships have a huge impact on our overall happiness.  This training will provide insight into both the art and the science of building effective relationships.

May 8: Leading Teams: Come prepared to learn in a fun and comfortable yet highly interactive way that will sharpen your skills as a team leader.  Using experiential learning exercises as a metaphor for what it takes to lead a high-performing team, this professional development workshop will help you explore the interpersonal and organizational advantages of working together.

May15: Lessons in Leadership: Great leaders are inspiring.  They know where they are headed; the visions they are trying to create, and have the unique ability to enlist others who can help them get there.  This workshop explores the art and skill of leadership.  Learn the lessons of leadership that will help you mobilize your team to achieve extraordinary results.

May 22: Guiding Conflict Resolution:  Conflict!  Just reading the word brings to mind thoughts of difficulty and unpleasantness.  Healthy conflict may promote creativity and innovation.  It allows you to build on one another’s ideas to find solutions to existing problems.  However, when a conflict escalates, it may cause serious problems, including decreased morale, more rework and a less productive team.

May 29: Strategic Planning, Visioning, Taking Action and Communicating It!: A hands-on engaging approach to Strategic Planning within your organization. Strategic Planning, Visioning and Communicating it is all built in to a highly engaging employee focused process that builds leadership, dedication and commitment from the bottom up.  This is a fun and interactive method to involve the entire organization in planning for the future, living the vision and communicating it daily.

MORE INFORMATION

Several MU Extension specialists from southwest Missouri will assist with the overall program.

Learn more about the Missouri Training Institute at http://mti.missouri.edu/index.php

University of Missouri Extension programs focus on the high-priority needs of Missourians. Workshop fees will be used to cover expenses and support on-going programing in the local area.  More information is available online at http://extension.missouri.edu.
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Manage Nitrogen to Prevent Lodging

Contact: Jill Scheidt, agronomy specialist
Headquartered at Barton County Extension Center
Tel: (417) 682-3579
E-mail: scheidtjk@missouri.edu

LAMAR, Mo. -- On March 26, Jill Scheidt, an agronomist with University of Missouri Extension, checked normal and late planted wheat north of Lamar.

“A little septoria is still being seen on leaves. Septoria is usually not a problem this early, but if most of the leaf surface is covered, a fungicide should be applied,” said Scheidt.

Septoria is identified by yellow lesions that later turn brown, small black specs of picnidia can be seen in the center of the lesion.

Aphids were not seen this week; temperatures are below 60 degrees Fahrenheit and aphids are not active until temperatures reach 60 degrees or more. Bird Cherry Oat aphids will vector barley yellow dwarf virus, which causes stunting and sometimes severe yield loss in wheat.

“The best way to protect against barley yellow dwarf virus is to spray an insecticide, like Warrior II or Hero, when bird cherry oat aphids reach threshold levels of 12 to15 aphids/foot of row,” said Scheidt.

The best time to apply nitrogen is before jointing, usually in mid-March (but it will be later this year). During this time, the highest amount of nitrogen is used by the wheat plant to promote rapid growth and grain fill.

If wheat was planted late, nitrogen is likely to be needed at green-up to stimulate tiller development. According to Virginia research, if you have greater than 90 tillers/square foot there is no need to apply nitrogen at green-up.

“Applying excessive nitrogen can lead to lodging from plants growing too lush too quickly,” said Scheidt. “When looking at a soil test, phosphorus target levels should be at 45 pounds/acre. If soil does not contain this much phosphorus, more needs to be added to assist in grow of the wheat plant.”

MORE INFORMATION

Sponsors of this weekly field scouting report are University of Missouri Extension and Barton County Extension. For more information on this scouting report, or to learn how to receive it a week earlier by telephone, contact the MU Extension Center in Barton County, (417) 682-3579.
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Three Interns Begin Learning Projects with Greene County Extension

Contact: David Burton, civic communication specialist
County Program Director - Greene County
Tel: (417) 881-8909
E-mail: burtond@missouri.edu

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. -- Three college interns began spring projects in February with Greene County Extension under the supervision of David Burton, county program director. Each student is working on a different project.

Plenty of project ideas still remain according to Burton who says an intern has already been recruited for the summer and another begins in April researching the history of Greene County Extension.

“I’ve not had success in the past even getting one intern but this year has been great and the students are doing quality work that expands what we can do with Greene County Extension’s limited budget,” said Burton.

VICKE KEPLING

Vicke Kepling is a graduate business student at Missouri State University and will be graduating with an MBA and a graduate certificate in public management this May.  Her background experience is in journalism, advertising, and office management.  Kepling enjoys creativity, communications, and community service.  She aspires to make the world a better place for future generations. Vicke Kepling (publications intern) has completed a revision of our Greene County Extension brochure and is now working to update our regional media and expert speakers guide.

JENNIFER KERVIAN

As a upcoming graduate at Drury University with a bachelor of arts in history, Jennifer Kervian is working with Greene County University of Missouri Extension this spring semester. She enjoys social history and uncovering information about the culture of the past as opposed to just seeing things factually. While at her time at Drury University she also attended Tsinghua University in Beijing for a semester to study Mandarin, and spent a summer interning in Washington DC through The Washington Center Program. She is currently working on creating a directory of one room schoolhouses to exhibit this coming June at the national conference of Country School Association of America.

SAVANNAH FITZGERALD

Savannah Fitzgerald is a political science major at MSU. Her primary project is to develop the council’s candidate forum for this spring to introduce candidates for Presiding Commissioner to Greene County residents. She is working closely with council members and will also be working on a council training presentation.

OTHER NEEDS

A list of projects that would be appropriate for interns or volunteers is posted on the Greene County Extension website at extension.missouri.edu/greene.

A significant need exists for someone to read the rest of the Extension Council minutes from the mid-1960s to present in order to write a narrative about the history of Greene County Extension. Notes have already been taken on the minutes from 1937 to the mid-1960s.

One-hundred percent of Greene County residents can benefit from the economically sound advice and unbiased, research-based information and education available from University of Missouri Extension programs in Greene County. Specialists with MU Extension offer educational programs that make lifelong learning fun and help people help themselves. More information is available at http://extension.missouri.edu/greene or by calling the MU Extension office in Greene County at (417) 881-8909.
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Greene County 4-H Members Take Top Honors at Horse Judging Event

Contact: Karla Deaver, 4-H youth development specialist
Headquartered in Lawrence County
Tel: (417) 466-3102
E-mail: deaverk@missouri.edu

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. – 4-H’ers from all across the state tested their horse judging skills Saturday, March 15, at the University of Missouri campus.

Ben Gallup, 4-H youth specialist with MU Extension, said 10 classes were available for participants to judge. Stephens College, the Missouri Junior Paint Horse Club and Rocky Mountain horse owners assisted with the event.

To qualify, participants must understand the breed standards and explain how they place the horses in a class.

The top three overall winners in the Junior Horses category were Mikayla Peterson, Greene County, first; Kristyne Eckhoff, Bates County, second; and Colton Warren, Boone County, third.

The Greene County team took top team honors as the overall winner in 4-H Junior Horses category. Team members are Mikayla Peterson, Nicole Berger, Cara Driskell, Ella O’Connor, Rory O’Connor and Brooke Wieder.

The Greene County team in the 4-H Senior Horses category won third-place honors. Members include Jessica Cobban, Mattie Cobban, Serena Peterson, Bailey Skinner and Taylor Wieder.

Missouri 4-H is University of Missouri Extension's youth development program. The 4-H program helps to create opportunities for young people to be valued, contributing members of their community.

Residents of southwest Missouri contact any of these 4-H youth development specialists for  information: Karla Deaver in Lawrence County at (417) 466-3102; Velynda Cameron in Polk County at (417) 326-4916; Bob McNary in Jasper County at (417) 358-2158; Amy Patillo in Howell County at (417) 256-2391; or Jeremy Elliott-Engel in Newton County at (417) 455-9500.
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PHOTOS AVAILABLE: Team photos are posted online at www.flickr.com/MUExtension417
Junior Horse Judging team: https://www.flickr.com/photos/muextension417/13436154945/
Senior Horse Judging team: https://www.flickr.com/photos/muextension417/13436526874/

Extension Helping Communities Take Advantage of Property Assessed Clean Energy Funding

Jeff Barber, housing and environmental design specialist
Headquartered in Greene County
Tel: (417) 881-8909
E-mail: barberj@missouri.edu

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. -- Communities across Missouri are considering ways that they can take advantage of PACE (Property Assessed Clean Energy) funding, allowed by Missouri law since 2010 according to Jeff Barber, a housing and environmental design specialist with University of Missouri Extension.

“This innovative method of financing energy efficiency and renewable energy improvements for commercial, agricultural, industrial, multi-family, not-for-profit and public properties binds the debt to the property rather than the owner, allowing repayment of an annual increment that is billed with the property’s tax bill and can transfer from owner to owner,” said Barber.

The key is that funding is based on the utility cost offset by the improvements and must have a positive cash-flow from day one.

EXTENSION HELPING

Under a “Memorandum of Understanding” between the Missouri Clean Energy Funding District (www.mced.mo.gov) and the University of Missouri, MU Extension specialists are helping communities and counties take the first necessary steps to participate, by assisting passage of ordinances and resolutions that enable property owners access to  PACE funding.

Specialists like Barber will also work with civic leaders, economic developers and the business community to identify eligible properties and originate potential PACE funded projects.

PACE was listed a one of 20 ways to build a cleaner, healthy and smarter world in the December 2009 issue of Scientific American magazine.

“PACE has been seen as the latest economic development tool available to communities with no public liability or fiscal impact such as tax abatement, allowing communities to reactivate their existing structures and supporting infrastructure,” said Barber.

SUCCESS STORIES

Most recently, Barber helped the Reeds Spring Board of Aldermen pass a PACE participation ordinance.

“Two primary aspects became the focus of how PACE could help their community by first focusing on the Old Reeds Spring High School Community Center, then Spring Street businesses,” said Barber.

He also assisted Lamar in passing their PACE participation ordinance during the summer of 2012 with the hope of reactivating the O’Sullivan plant, retaining existing businesses and building on the progress of the DREAM Initiative for the revitalization of their downtown and Square.

Springfield and Greene County are currently investigating how they can best engage PACE funding following the endorsement of three Springfield Field Guide 2030 committees.

“PACE is central to recommendations from the Environmental Advisory Board’s Green Building Taskforce, the community has expressed strong support for moving forward with a PACE funding option, possibly passing a Missouri Clean Energy Funding District participation ordinance before summer,” said Barber.

For 100 years, MU Extension has engaged Missourians in relevant programs based on University of Missouri research. The year 2014 marks the centennial of the Smith-Lever Act, which formalized the Cooperative Agricultural Extension Service, a national network whose purpose is to extend university-based knowledge beyond the campus.

University of Missouri Extension programs focus on the high-priority needs of Missourians. Each county extension center, with oversight by locally elected and appointed citizens, is your local link to practical education on almost anything. More information on this topic is available online at http://extension.missouri.edu.
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Commercial Agriculture May be the Largest Beneficiary of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Contact: Bob Schultheis, natural resource engineering specialist
Headquartered in Webster County
Tel: (417) 859-2044
E-mail: schultheisr@missouri.edu

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. -- For centuries, farmers have braved the elements to walk their land to check for problems ranging from wind damage and calving cows to pests and predators.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which some people refer to as drones, may save farmers time and money with bird’s-eye views of farmland, says Bob Schultheis, a natural resource engineering specialist with University of Missouri Extension in Webster County.

Schultheis addressed the use of UAVs on the farm during the Greene County Soils and Crops Conference Tuesday, March 18 at the Springfield Livestock Marketing Center.

UAVs suited for farm applications vary widely in cost and size. Entry-level aircraft cost $500 $1,500 and can fly for 10-20 minutes without recharging batteries. Most weigh less than 5 pounds, have a wingspan of less than 3 feet and travel under 30 mph. For about $300, farmers can install cameras in drones that can send clear still or video images to a smartphone.

UAVs can provide information to answer questions like “How bad was last night’s hail storm? Are all of my cows on the north 40? Does my corn need more nitrogen?”

Most UAVs rely on Global Positioning Satellites (GPS) for navigation. Entry-level systems can be guided by a handheld remote control. More sophisticated vehicles can be programmed to fly designated routes using GPS and GIS technology.

“The uses are as varied as Missouri farmland. Entomologists may find the devices especially helpful for scouting of pests. UAVs can collect information on plants that have grown to heights that make it difficult to walk through narrow rows,” said Schultheis.

Farmers could even use the unmanned devices to document conditions when applying for government programs such as crop insurance.

“While much of the recent media attention has centered on unmanned aircraft as a way to deliver packages, commercial agriculture may be the largest beneficiary of UAV technology,” said Schultheis.

UAV technology has raised concerns about privacy issues, but UAVs used in agriculture likely are less controversial than those used for commercial applications. Currently, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) does not allow UAV use for commercial purposes. Farmers must follow FAA guidelines for hobbyists.

Unmanned aircraft are restricted to airspace no higher than 400 feet. If flights occur within 3 miles of an airport, airport officials must be notified. Recent information suggests producers are permitted to fly over areas they farm, but have to be careful about taking photos or video past their property lines.

In 2012, Congress directed the FAA to grant unmanned aircraft access to U.S. skies by 2015. The FAA has released a “road map” for potential UAVuse and six federally designated test sites have been approved.

For 100 years, MU Extension has engaged Missourians in relevant programs based on University of Missouri research. The year 2014 marks the centennial of the Smith-Lever Act, which formalized the Cooperative Agricultural Extension Service, a national network whose purpose is to extend university-based knowledge beyond the campus.

University of Missouri Extension programs focus on the high-priority needs of Missourians. Each county extension center, with oversight by locally elected and appointed citizens, is your local link to practical education on almost anything. More information on this topic is available online at http://extension.missouri.edu.
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Bull Clinics Reveal Problems, Finds 13.5 percent of Bulls Unsatisfactory as Potential Breeders

Contact: Eldon Cole, livestock specialist
Headquartered in Lawrence County
Tel: (417) 466-3102
E-mail: colee@missouri.edu

MT. VERNON, Mo. -- The bull breeding soundness days held in early March at four veterinary clinics in southwest Missouri found 13.5 percent of the bulls were unsatisfactory as potential breeders.  There were 170 bulls examined ranging in age from 11 months to 10 years.

The 13.5 percent fail or defer rate compares to the longtime average rate of 10.7 percent.

The special clinics began in 2005 as a spring only event and since 2008 they have been held also in October ahead of the fall bull turnout.

The single largest reason for failure and deferments was a normal sperm count of under 70 percent.  Fourteen bulls fell in that category and they varied in age from 12 months to 7 years.

Five bulls had scrotal circumferences smaller than the requirement for passage considering their age.  The average on all bulls was 39.1 centimeters with a range from 27 to 48 centimeters.

“It’s difficult to determine why these problems occurred.  The body condition scores of the poor testing bulls went from 3.5 to 6.5 with the average 5.3.  Some owners wondered if the unusually cold, icy weather may have been a factor,” said Eldon Cole, a livestock specialist with University of Missouri Extension.

According to Cole, very few of the bulls had any visible frostbite evidence on their scrotums.  Only one had significant appearing damage, yet he tested okay.  Another bull had a large scab on his prepuce which appeared to be frostbite, according to the veterinarian.

Thirty-seven bulls were tested for trichomoniasis.  Thirty-one bulls had structural problem related to excessive toe growth, corkscrew toes or corn development between their toes.

“Most of these hoof problems would not cause the bulls to be unable to breed cows.  However, a lot would depend on the terrain, size of pasture and the number of females in the herd,” said Cole.

As in the past, the large majority of the bulls tested were Angus at 45 percent.  Tied at 8 percent were Red Angus and Limousin.  There were 19 different breeds or breed combinations tested this spring.

The bulls were given a body condition score using the 1-9 scale.  The average was 5.9 with the extremes being 3.5 to 8.0.  This compares very closely to past BCS averages and ranges.

“The clinics are held to focus attention on the need to check bulls ahead of the breeding season so replacements may be found if a bull does not receive a satisfactory rating,” said Cole.

The one breeding soundness criteria not evaluated at the clinics was libido.  Cole says the person looking after the cows or heifers is responsible for observing the bull’s activity once he’s put with the females.

Cooperating on the clinics this spring were:  Barry County Veterinary Services, Cassville, Animal Clinic of Diamond, Diamond, Dake Veterinary Clinic, Miller and Countryside Animal Clinic, Aurora, Zoetis and University of Missouri Extension.

“Contact your own veterinary clinic to schedule a date to have your bulls tested.  The exam doesn’t take long and considering the value of your bull and investment, the BSE is a good insurance policy to take out,” said Cole.

For more information, contact any of the MU Extension livestock specialists in southwest Missouri: Eldon Cole in Mt. Vernon, (417) 466-3102, Andy McCorkill in Dallas County at (417) 345-7551, Dr. Patrick Davis in Cedar County at (417) 276-3313 or Logan Wallace in Howell County at (417) 256-2391.
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PHOTOS AVAILABLE: The MUExtension417 regional photo library includes several new photos that can be used with this story.

Checking for trich: http://www.flickr.com/photos/muextension417/13255096045/

Close work at breeding soundness clinic: http://www.flickr.com/photos/muextension417/13255187535/in/photostream/

Bulls in all sizes: http://www.flickr.com/photos/muextension417/13255637164/in/photostream/

Smaller bull: http://www.flickr.com/photos/muextension417/13255533563/in/photostream/

Mouthing a bull: http://www.flickr.com/photos/muextension417/13255837384/in/photostream/

Bulls waiting at clinic: http://www.flickr.com/photos/muextension417/13255940294/in/photostream/

Bull exam: http://www.flickr.com/photos/muextension417/13255677995/in/photostream/

Master Gardeners of the Ozark Present Popular “Brown Bag Lunch” Garden Series Schedule for 2014

Contact: Chrystal Irons, business development specialist
Headquartered at the Taney County Extension Center
Tel: (417) 546-4431
E-mail: ironsc@missouri.edu

FORSYTH, Mo. – Volunteers with the Master Gardeners of the Ozarks will present a series of gardening programs this summer in the Native Plant Garden behind the Taney County Extension Center in Forsyth.

Most of the programs will begin at noon and be held on the first Tuesday of the month (April through September).  This year the group has added two Saturday sessions in March and October that will begin at 10 a.m.

These programs are free and open to the public.

The first class in the series will be begin at 10 a.m. on Saturday, March 29 and is on “Blue Barrel Gardening.” Joanne Fisher will present this informative class on how to re-purpose blue barrels in way that will allow for the growing of lettuce, spinach and strawberries. Organizers say this class is great for people that are short on space or topsoil in our rocky area.

The next class will be held on the following Tuesday at noon.  Paul Armstrong with Smiling Sun Gardens will present “Rain Gardens and Native Plants”.

The schedule for the series is as follows:
Saturday, March 29, 10 a.m. – Blue Barrel Gardening
Tuesday, April 1, noon – Rain Gardens and Native Plants
Tuesday, May 6, noon – Container Gardens
Tuesday, June 3, noon – Ideas for Herbs
Tuesday, July 1, noon – Lasagna Gardening
Tuesday, Aug. 5, noon – Butterfly Gardening
Tuesday, Sept. 9, noon – Raised Bed/Winter Gardening
Saturday, October 4, 10 a.m. – Pass Along Plants

“Pack a lunch and come and join us in our garden for these informative sessions,” said Master Gardener, Marva Ramsey. “Though hard work, grants and donations the Master Gardeners of the Ozarks have provided the Taney County Extension Center with one of the most beautiful demonstration gardens in the county and they would like to share it with you.”

Classes will be held in the backyard of the Taney County Extension Center at 122 Felkins Avenue in Forsyth, down for the Taney County jail.  For further information call the Taney County University of Missouri Extension Center at 417-546-4431.
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Gardening Classes in Cassville Offered by MU Extension

Contact: Tim Schnakenberg, agronomy specialist
Headquartered in Stone County
Tel: (417) 357-6812
E-mail: schnakenbergc@missouri.edu

GALENA, Mo. – Volunteer members of the Master Gardeners of the Ozarks began teaching a series of classes in Cassville starting March 13 for those interested in home vegetable and flower gardening. The classes are free and open to everyone.

The remaining scheduled classes are as follows.

Time: 2nd Thursday of the month, 7:00 pm
Sharing locations: Cassville Library and Bayless/Salyer House

April 10, 7 p.m., at Cassville Library, lower level. Subject: “Pick the right flowers,” focuses on heat and drought tolerant best choices, annuals and perennials. Taught by Kathryn Kufahl, a member of the  Master Gardeners of the Ozarks.

May 8, 7 p.m. at the Bayless/Salyer house, weather permitting, bring your own lawn chair.
Subject: “Mostly Bees!, and some Butterflies too!”  How to attract and plant for bees to help with the declining bee population. Speaker: Kevin Young, expert local Beekeeper

Additional topics are being planned for July to October on herbs, companion planting, seed saving, extending your growing seasons, garden types to fit your needs, sustainable gardening practices, working with nature, and preserving.

For more information call the Cassville Branch Library at 417- 847-2121.

The Master Gardener Program is a popular and successful statewide volunteer community-service organization administered through University of Missouri Extension. The organization’s goal is to train gardeners who are willing to share their knowledge with others. Master Gardeners become volunteers of University of Missouri Extension and donate hours for community educational projects in horticulture. For more information, contact the nearest county extension office or go online to http://extension.missouri.edu
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“De-Mystify the Affordable Care Act for Business” at Workshop in Carl Junction April 22

Contact: Kathy Macomber, community development specialist
Headquartered in Barton County
Tel: (417) 682-3579
E-mail: macomberk@missouri.edu

LAMAR, Mo. – How will the Affordable Care Act affect you and your business? University of Missouri Extension is offering information about the new health care law that can help businesses understand their options and responsibilities to make better planning decisions.

This business workshop will be held from 10 a.m. to noon, Tuesday April 22 at the Carl Junction Community Center, 303 N Main St, Carl Junction.  There is no charge for the workshop, and a light lunch will be provided at noon during the Q&A session which immediately follows the workshop.

Kathy Macomber, community development specialist will lead an overview of the Affordable Care Act and how it affects businesses.  Participants will learn the calculations to determine whether their business falls into the small or large category, and how to determine whether their business is eligible for tax credits.

“Understanding the shared responsibility payment gives you the tools to determine the most cost effective health care decisions for your business and your employees,” said Macomber.

MU Extension’s Health Insurance Education Initiative website at extension.missouri.edu/insure provides resources for the state’s small businesses, including information about tax credits for offering insurance to employees and explanations of rules that might affect the business bottom line.

The website also has a map of Missouri educators who can provide local workshops and a calendar where you can learn about upcoming events near you.

For 100 years, MU Extension has engaged Missourians in relevant programs based on University of Missouri research. The year 2014 marks the centennial of the Smith-Lever Act, which formalized the Cooperative Agricultural Extension Service, a national network whose purpose is to extend university-based knowledge beyond the campus.

More information on this topic is available online at http://extension.missouri.edu.
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4-H Alumni in Newton County Organizing March 25 to Recreate 4-H History in the County and Support Program

Contact: Jeremy Elliot-Engel, county program director
Newton County Extension Center, Neosho, Mo.
Tel: (417) 455-9500
E-mail: elliottengelj@missouri.edu

NEOSHO, Mo. -- A group of 4-H supports from the Newton County area will be meeting to create a Newton County 4-H Alumni group at 7 p.m. on March 25 at the Newton County Extension Center in Smith Hall at Crowder College, Neosho.

During the meeting the group will decide on the goal of the organization and how to make the group valuable to the current 4-H program. Due to the lack of records it is requested that anyone interested in sharing their 4-H story attend the meeting.

“Past and current club leaders and club officers would be valuable in recreating 4-H history in Newton County. Although, the group is focused on Newton County it is open to anyone who has ever been in 4-H anywhere or who has wanted to be involved in 4-H,” said Jeremy Elliot-Engel, a 4-H youth development specialist with University of Missouri Extension.

Doug Hunt, a former Cedar Creek 4-H Club member, has been working with Elliot-Engel to make this 4-H alumni group a reality.

“4-H has meant so much in my life that I want to find a way to give back and share my story,” said Hunt. “We are not sure how many Newton County 4-H alumni there are but there have been hundreds of 4-H members annually.”  

This year marks the 100th anniversary of cooperative extension programs nationally.  4-H is the youth program of University of Missouri Extension.

“It is a historic year for Extension and 4-H, which is 112 this year. It is exciting that we are trying to track down our own history this year,” said Elliott-Engel.

According to records found in the Newton County MU Extension office, the Extension office opened in August 1914 at the County Courthouse, where the office remained for over 80 years.

“We don’t have records of the many 4-H clubs and especially club leaders that have worked in our many communities.  We have records of clubs that currently exist and of recent history, but we don’t have records of clubs that thrived and then disbanded,  which is a natural progression, as families grow up or project interests change,” said Elliott-Engel.

For more information you may contact the Newton County MU Extension Center, Smith Hall, Crowder College at newtonco@missouri.edu or (417) 455-9500.
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Three Greene County 4-H’ers Attend Summit and Celebrate 100 years of learning through Cooperative Extension

Contact: Karla Deaver, 4-H youth development specialist

Headquartered in Lawrence County

Tel: (417) 466-3102

E-mail: deaverk@missouri.edu

COLUMBIA, Mo. – A.B. Burkhart, Taylor Groves and Lora Wright, all Greene County 4-H members, were among 140 youth and adults who participated in “Life is a Highway!” the 2014 Youth Civic Leaders Summit at Windermere Conference Center March 7-9.

The 4-H team was joined by teams from 15 other counties, as well as groups representing Indiana, Minnesota, and Wisconsin 4-H.

Carroll County 4-H Teens served as youth hosts for the retreat, bringing history to life with Route 66 themed décor, snacks, and teambuilding activities.  Through a trivia challenge, Summit teams learned about the history and passage of the Smith-Lever Act of 1914, which formalized Cooperative Extension into a nationwide system, making 4-H and higher education accessible to youth across the United States.

During Friday and Saturday sessions, 4-H alumni were invited as guest speakers, presenting thought-provoking questions on topics ranging from agriculture, technology, and medicine, to education, leadership, and service.

Carrie Wolken, Missouri Dept. of Transportation Traffic and Safety Division Youth Coordinator, spoke with delegates about highway and driver safety issues.  Kevin Owen, Monsanto Company representative, shared how 4-H was a “highway” for his development as a young person, and continues to be through his involvement as a 4-H parent and supporter.

“It was fascinating to hear how much 4-H alumni still value the program and what it has done for their personal, professional, and civic lives, even years afterward,”  said Steve Henness, State 4-H Specialist.  “It really made the point that youth development is an investment in education, careers, and communities over the long term.  Life (in 4-H) is a highway, and we hope more young people experience the whole trip.”

On Saturday evening, Summiteers celebrated the 100^th anniversary of the Smith-Lever Act with activities promoting citizenship and lifelong learning.  They donated over $220.00 to the Missouri 4-H Kids Helping Kids fund, voted on several ballot issues in a mock election, and learned about additional trip opportunities through 4-H.

Participants gained skills for successful work on teams, in careers, and in their communities through workshops presented by the Missouri College Advising Corps, Purdue 4-H Teens Teaching Biotechnology, Minnesota 4-H State Ambassadors, and Wisconsin and Missouri 4-H teams.  Summiteers also honed their knowledge and skills with the EDGE challenge course, Bridal Cave Tour, line dancing, and team talent showcase emceed by Mizzou 4-H.

On Sunday, youth and adult teams created plans to implement 4-H “teens as teachers” projects in their communities during 2014.  With support from adults and opportunities to teach their peers about an issue or cause they care about, event organizers say youth can step into roles as community educators, change makers, and lifelong learners.

Missouri 4-H is University of Missouri Extension's youth development program. Studies show 4-H’ers have three times greater interest in science than non-4-H peers and are 70 percent more likely to go to college. Over 5,000 youth in urban communities join local 4-H clubs each year.

Residents of southwest Missouri can contact any of these 4-H youth development specialists for  information: Karla Deaver in Lawrence County at (417) 466-3102; Velynda Cameron in Polk County at (417) 326-4916; Bob McNary in Jasper County at (417) 358-2158; Amy Patillo in Howell County at (417) 256-2391; or Jeremy Elliott-Engel in Newton County at (417) 455-9500.

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 PHOTO AVAILABLE AT: https://www.flickr.com/photos/muextension417/13314947914/

Barbara St. Clair Presented Greene County Extension “Leader’s Honor Roll” Award

Contact: David Burton, civic communication specialist
Headquartered in Greene County
Tel: (417) 881-8909
E-mail: burtond@missouri.edu

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. – The Greene County Extension Council recently honored three individuals for their long-term commitment to MU Extension programs by naming them to the “Leader’s Honor Roll.”

One of those recipients was Barbara St. Clair, a Master Gardener of Greene County since 2004. She is also a past chapter president and is the current chair of both the Nathanael Greene Demonstration and Xeriscape Gardens.

Last year, St. Clair was the chair the 18th Annual Missouri Master Gardener State Conference which drew over 400 attendees to Springfield.

“St. Clair is currently an educator with the Nixa School system and a wonderful supporter of Greene County Extension and our programs,” said George Deatz, chairman of the Greene County Extension Council.

For more information on MU Extension educational programs and services in Greene County, contact the extension center at (417) 881-8909 or visit extension.missouri.edu/greene.
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PHOTO AVAILABLE: A photo of Barbara St. Clair receiving her award from George Deatz is available for download at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/muextension417/13112446564/

Time to Treat Henbit and Chickweed in Wheat Fields

Contact: Jill Scheidt, agronomy specialist
Headquartered at Barton County Extension Center
Tel: (417) 682-3579
E-mail: scheidtjk@missouri.edu

LAMAR, Mo. – Now is the time to treat for henbit and chickweed according to Jill Scheidt, an agronomy specialist with University of Missouri Extension.

“Herbicides are most effective when applied to weeds under two inches in height or diameter,” said Scheidt. “Winter annual weeds henbit and chickweed in wheat fields can cause up to 37 percent yield loss.”

Scheidt says to apply herbicides, like Harmony Extra, before these weeds flower because after flowering the seeds have already dropped.

“Harmony is recommended to control henbit and chickweed in wheat fields and is most effective when applied at temperatures of 60 degrees or more,” said Scheidt.

To learn what Scheidt had to report about aphids and septoria in wet wheat fields this week subscribe to Extension’s field crop scouting report.

Sponsors of this weekly field scouting report are University of Missouri Extension and Barton County Extension. To receive the report by telephone, contact the MU Extension Center in Barton County, (417) 682-3579.
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Donated Vehicles and Farm Equipment Can Give Financial Boost to Greene County Extension

Contact: David Burton, civic communication specialist
County Program Director - Greene County
Tel: (417) 881-8909
E-mail: burtond@missouri.edu

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. -- The Greene County Extension Council is generating money for educational programs and office operations thanks to a partnership with a national vehicle buying company with a Rogersville location.

Cars, trucks, motorcycles, RVs, ATVs, boats, boat motors and farm equipment -- in any condition -- can now be donated to the Greene County Extension Council by calling the office at 417-881-8909 or by visiting them online at extension.missouri.edu/greene.

“This is a perfect way to contribute to Greene County Extension and help us maintain our programs and office operations,” said David Burton, county program director for Greene County Extension. “Best of all, we think this is a valuable service and a great way to clean up a yard or farm. For no cost, you can get rid of a heap of junk and extension gets money to keep operating.”

Through a local partnership, Extension is able to accept nearly anything as a donation.

“It doesn’t even need a motor or wheels for that matter. If you have an old turning plow that’s broken, they can sell it,” Burton said. “They can sell junked tractors, combines, trucks, ATVs. If you don’t want it, donate it to Greene County Extension.”

Donations can be arranged through the Greene County Extension office. Arrangements can then be made to have CoPart pick up the vehicle at a time that works best for the donor, or the donor can deliver the item to CoPart’s location in Rogersville save Extension the hauling fee.

When the vehicle is picked up (or delivered) the owner must sign over the title. 

To arrange for a pickup through Extension online or by email the following information will be needed: name, address and telephone for the owner and type of item; if it is a vehicle we will need VIN, make, model, year, color and mileage.

PROGRAM HISTORY

Initially, marketed as “Donate Your Hunk of Junk,” the program was linked nationally to a company known as AutoWranglers. This partnership allowed Extension to receive the benefits of donated vehicles without owning them. Following a family tragedy that caused the owner of AutoWranglers to close his business it became necessary to find another partnering business and develop a local program.

The owner of AutoWranglers used his contacts to get Greene County Extension set up with Copart. This national company just happens to have a location just east of Rogersville along Hwy. 60. The company specializes in online auctions of vehicles, boats and farm equipment at www.copart.com.

CoPart charges Greene County Extension a per item fee to process the title and sale. All proceeds over that amount are given to the Greene County Extension Council. During the month of December 2013, CoPart sold three vehicles on behalf of Greene County Extension netting the local office just over $3,000.

FINANCIAL NEED

Funds remain tight at the Extension office after Greene County Commissioners cut the county contribution to the extension council by 90 percent in 2011.

“We understand the Commissioners have a difficult budget situation and that the budget is tight. However, it does take money to provide the services we offer to residents. Thanks to the vehicle donation program, anyone can help support the Greene County Extension office,” said Burton.

Since 1914, residents of Greene County, Missouri (and adjoining counties) have sought help from MU Extension in areas related to agriculture, gardening, Master Gardeners, 4-H youth, nutrition, cooking, families, Master Naturalists and business and community development. During 2013 over 46,000 residents of Greene County received unbiased and research-based information, assistance or education through the Greene County Extension Center.

“Thousands of children have come through the 4-H programs we have offered in this county and they are better adults as a result of the experience. Farmers and gardeners use our services year round. The impact extension has on Greene County and the area is just massive,” said Burton. “Donating your old car to Extension will help these services continue.”

LEARN MORE

To learn about the “Friends of Greene County Extension,” a campaign to raise funds for Greene County Extension, call (417) 881-8909 or go online to http://extension.missouri.edu/greene. The Friends campaign was established in 2012 in effort to privately raise monies to keep the Greene County Extension office open to the public.

MU Extension Specialist Offers Simplified Explanation of New Farm Bill

Contact: Mark W. Jenner, agriculture business specialist
Headquartered at Bates County Extension Center
Tel: (660) 679-4167
E-mail: jennermw@missouri.edu

BUTLER, Mo. – United States farmers have a new farm bill that was signed into law last month.  Farm bills have been part of our national heritage since the depression in the 1930’s according to Mark Jenner, an agriculture business specialist with University of Missouri Extension.

“For the last 80 years, farmers, food consumers, and the U.S. government have been experimenting and adjusting our food security safety net.  This idea of ‘experimenting’ is important to note because there are some big changes with the Agricultural Act of 2014,” said Jenner.

The biggest changes, according to Jenner, are the end of direct payments to farmers and an increasing reliance on crop insurance to provide protection from the unexpected.

The ink is still drying on the new law as the implementation regulations are being written.  This is a big undertaking, and USDA will be pressed to get it all done by the 2015 cropping season.

“There is still a lot that is unknown with this new legislation, but we can review the parts that we do know,” said Jenner.

In the new farm bill there are three commodity program choices available to farmers in the Commodity Title: One counter-cyclical program and two revenue-based programs.  The new law requires a farmer to pick a single program and stay with it for five years.

“The new counter-cyclical program is now called the Price Loss Coverage program or the PLC.  The support target prices are set much higher than they have been in the past.  This means that program payments will kick in much sooner than the prices we have been used to,” said Jenner.

There are also two revenue-based program options within the Agriculture Risk Coverage program or the ARC.  The Agriculture Risk Coverage program is based on five years of historical revenues that include both crop yield and price information.  The ARC program is offered at both the county and an individual farm level.  These are two very different options.

The county level option is based on yields and prices for the entire county, and not on one’s own farm revenue history.  The other revenue-based option, the individual ARC is based the yields and prices from your own operation.

“There seems to be a large policy penalty for selecting the individual farm option. When a program payment kicks in, only 65% of the historical revenue is covered under the individual ARC.  The county-level ARC covers a larger, 86% of historical revenue,” said Jenner.

Base acres are another variable in the new farm bill.  Program participants have the opportunity to update their program base acres, or not update them.  In the time since the county base acreage values have been last updated, individual commodity acres within a county have increased or decreased depending on the commodity in question.

According to Jenner, this local acreage change will play a role in whether a participant wants to update their base acres or not.

“Both the PLC and the ARC cover 85% of the historical acres.  A separate, supplemental insurance program is available for the balance of the 15% of the acreage not covered. This program is called the Supplemental Coverage Option, but this option is only available for the Price Loss Coverage program,” said Jenner.

Now that the legislation has become law, the USDA has many rules to write.  They have prioritized all the programs that need attention, focusing on the most financially-critical and time-sensitive rules first.

USDA already has the rules in place for providing disaster assistance for the previous years that have not yet been funded in 2012 and 2013. USDA has set a goal to begin the signup for disaster relief for these previous years by April 15, 2014.

“The news for the Conservation Title is that the funding has been reduced and the total acreage in the program will decline over the next few years to levels about three quarters of our current program levels,” said Jenner.

The Crop Insurance Title of the new farm bill has double-the-funding of the Commodity Title.  Crop insurance is clearly the workhorse of the new farm safety net.  Since these programs will not be implemented until next year, new crop insurance programs will be covered at a later date.  The federal crop insurance program in the new farm bill will still be tied to conservation compliance.  This means individual conservation plans will need to be current.

“The evolution of this farm bill has been several difficult years in the making, but it is now on the books and this new experiment in farm and food security is off and running. For now, pay attention to the current crop insurance program that best suits your needs, and also pay attention to the April 15 livestock disaster relief signup,” said Jenner.

For 100 years, MU Extension has engaged Missourians in relevant programs based on University of Missouri research. The year 2014 marks the centennial of the Smith-Lever Act, which formalized the Cooperative Agricultural Extension Service, a national network whose purpose is to extend university-based knowledge beyond the campus.

University of Missouri Extension programs focus on the high-priority needs of Missourians. Each county extension center, with oversight by locally elected and appointed citizens, is your local link to practical education on almost anything. More information on this topic is available online at http://extension.missouri.edu.
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Clean-up Bulls an Important Player on Beef Production Team Says Extension Specialist

Contact: Eldon Cole, livestock specialist
Headquartered in Lawrence County
Tel: (417) 466-3102
E-mail: colee@missouri.edu

MT. VERNON, Mo. -- The term “cleanup bull” is being used more frequently by cow-calf raisers as artificial insemination is more widely used throughout the industry.

“We probably need to come up with a more respectable name than, ‘cleanup bull’ for this important part of the cow-calf operation.  Perhaps, refer to them as ‘super sub studs’,” said Eldon Cole, livestock specialist with University of Missouri Extension.

Cole says it is likely that many envision a cleanup bull as an unattractive bull that may be underfed and under-appreciated.  Some see this bull as one that has not been given a breeding soundness exam and received pre-breeding shots, treatment for internal and external parasites.

“Progressive cattle producers who use technology, like heat synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination, realize a cleanup bull is an important player on the beef team,” said Cole.

Clean-up bulls are actually expected to breed 40 to 50 percent of the females and do it in a limited time.  Cleanup breeding usually starts 14 days after AI breeding and lasts 45 days.

In addition to being physically fit for breeding, a cleanup bull’s genetic makeup should be comparable to the AI sires.  The cleanup bull’s EPD accuracy value will not be as high as the AI bull’s, but the relative EPD for each trait should be similar to the percentile rank of the AI bull.

“A good cleanup bull that complements your herd’s goals as a seed stock or commercial producer should be one you’ll want to keep around for more than just one breeding season,” said Cole. “Top-notch cleanup bulls will probably cost a little more than you thought they would.  However, if you select right and take care of him and he sires calves that blend in with the AI calves, he’ll be worth it. “

According to Cole, the best way to evaluate a cleanup bull is to keep good performance records on his progeny as well as on the AI-sired calves.

“If the cleanup bull’s run with others it may be wise to invest in a sire DNA check to prove the parentage.  It’s even possible you may find a cleanup bull that’s an equal to the AI sires you use,” said Cole.

For more information, contact any of the MU Extension livestock specialists in southwest Missouri: Eldon Cole in Mt. Vernon, (417) 466-3102, Andy McCorkill in Dallas County at (417) 345-7551, Dr. Patrick Davis in Cedar County at (417) 276-3313 or Logan Wallace in Howell County at (417) 256-2391.

For 100 years, MU Extension has engaged Missourians in relevant programs based on University of Missouri research. The year 2014 marks the centennial of the Smith-Lever Act, which formalized the Cooperative Agricultural Extension Service, a national network whose purpose is to extend university-based knowledge beyond the campus.

University of Missouri Extension programs focus on the high-priority needs of Missourians. Each county extension center, with oversight by locally elected and appointed citizens, is your local link to practical education on almost anything. More information on this topic is available online at http://extension.missouri.edu.
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PHOTO AVAILABLE: In the regional MU Extension photo library for use with this story. It can be downloaded http://www.flickr.com/photos/muextension417/13107560433/

There are Right and Wrong Ways to Mulch a Tree

Contact: Patrick Byers, horticulture specialist
Headquartered in Greene County
Tel: (417) 881-8909
E-mail: byerspl@missouri.edu

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. -- Mulching the trees in our landscapes is a common practice, with many benefits.  Just remember, there is right way and a wrong way to mulch trees according to Patrick Byers, horticulture specialist with University of Missouri Extension.

“One of the most common mistakes is arranging the mulch ring around the tree in the shape of a volcano instead of a doughnut,” said Byers. “Mulching against the tree trunk can lead to trunk problems, disease problems, habitat for rodents, and excessive soil moisture and root rots.”

Mulching involves placing materials on the soil to improve growing conditions and ease maintenance.

The benefits of mulching are numerous: helps maintain soil moisture, helps control weeds, keeps lawn mowers and string trimmers at bay, easier maintenance, appearance and improves the soil.

A number of things can be used for mulch. Most commonly used are bark chips, wood chips, composts and pine needles.

The best way to mulch is using a two to four inch layer of mulch. Then be sure to mulch a large area.

“When it comes to mulching trees, the larger the better,” said Byers. “You might even consider mulching to the drip line of the tree.”

For more information on this and other lawn and garden questions, call the University of Missouri Master Gardener Helpline at the Greene County Extension Center, (417) 881-8909.

For 100 years, MU Extension has engaged Missourians in relevant programs based on University of Missouri research. The year 2014 marks the centennial of the Smith-Lever Act, which formalized the Cooperative Agricultural Extension Service, a national network whose purpose is to extend university-based knowledge beyond the campus.

University of Missouri Extension programs focus on the high-priority needs of Missourians. Each county extension center, with oversight by locally elected and appointed citizens, is your local link to practical education on almost anything. More information on this topic is available online at http://extension.missouri.edu.
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MU Extension Fire and Rescue Training Institute Benefits Greene County by Training Nearly 1,000 Local Firefighters Annually

Contact: David Burton, civic communication specialist
County Program Director - Greene County
Tel: (417) 881-8909
E-mail: burtond@missouri.edu

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. – University of Missouri Extension’s Fire and Rescue Training Institute exists to plan and deliver training for fire and rescue personnel, emergency managers, and other responders in Missouri according to David Hedrick, director or MU FRTI.

Over the last three fiscal years (2011 – 2013), 2,823 fire and emergency service personnel in have received over 46,424 instructional hours of training in 147 classes provided by FRTI through MU Extension in Greene County. This includes students from Greene County, as well as students from other counties coming into Greene County to attend classes.

“FRTI training prepares firefighters and other emergency first responders to handle emergency situations, situations that may require them to place their own lives at risk. It is imperative that these responders receive safe, realistic, and effective training,” said Hedrick. “Enabled by this training, Greene County’s emergency responders have made a significant impact on the protection of lives and property of the citizens.”

Programming is conducted across the state in local communities, as well as through annual and regional fire schools. Missouri has 893 fire departments and fire protection districts with over 23,600 firefighters in the state.

“We use a regional field extension infrastructure so courses are conducted across the state at the local level to meet the training needs of the state’s fire service, 80 percent of which are volunteers,” said Hedrick.

MU FRTI receives 21 percent of its budget from the University of Missouri Extension. The Institute self generates the rest of the necessary budget.

For 100 years, MU Extension has engaged Missourians in relevant programs based on University of Missouri research. The year 2014 marks the centennial of the Smith-Lever Act, which formalized the Cooperative Agricultural Extension Service, a national network whose purpose is to extend university-based knowledge beyond the campus.

University of Missouri Extension programs focus on the high-priority needs of Missourians. Each county extension center, with oversight by locally elected and appointed citizens, is your local link to practical education on almost anything. More information on this topic is available online at http://extension.missouri.edu.
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Farmers to Tell Benefits of Nontoxic Fescue at School Held March 31 at Southwest Research Center in Mt. Vernon

Contact: Eldon Cole, livestock specialist
Headquartered in Lawrence County
Tel: (417) 466-3102
E-mail: colee@missouri.edu

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. – When farmers learn what works in growing grass, they share. That will happen at a fescue school being held 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., March 31 at the Southwest Research Center in Mt. Vernon.

A fee of $60 is being changed and advance registration is required for the program since seating is limited to 60. Registration can be made by calling Carla Rathmann at 417-466-2148 or by sending an email to RathmannC@missouri.edu.

The school kicks off a campaign to replace toxic tall fescue with new fescue varieties that won’t harm grazing livestock.

“Farmers like farm success stories. We learned at past grazing schools that our best teachers are often the farmers who use science-based practices,” said Craig Roberts, University of Missouri forage agronomist.

The program features speakers from MU, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, the seed industry and farmers.

The program, the first in the nation, is sponsored by the Alliance for Grassland Renewal.

“We have known for years the lost gains and lower reproduction in cow herds,” Roberts says. “Replacing toxic fescue with novel-endophyte varieties can add another three-quarter pound of daily gains on calves.”

Darrel Franson, cow-calf producer from Mount Vernon, Mo., will tell how he converted all of his pastures to a new novel endophyte fescue.

He moved from Minnesota to Missouri. His cattle fell apart when grazing toxic Kentucky 31 fescue. In 2001, he replaced 10 acres of fescue. That led to a year-by-year replacement of all fescue.

He used the MU-developed spray-smother-spray for killing and replacing pasture grasses.

“Franson is not only a good grass farmer, he is an excellent record-keeper,” Roberts says. “He records everything.”

He will share records that show the new fescue pays.

Fewer cows lose their hooves, more live calves are born and calves gain weight faster. “The calves do better because the cows produce more milk,” Franson says. He is past president of the Missouri Forage and Grassland Council, co-sponsor of the schools.

The school will teach the fine points of seeding and managing the new grass.

The new varieties take more management. The old fescue grows a toxic endophyte fungus between plant cells. The toxin inhibits grazing, which protected the stand.

“With the current high prices for calves, there has never been a better time to improve pounds of gain,” Roberts said. “The early adopters have the most to gain.”

For more information about any of the four schools being held in Missouri, go online to www.grasslandrenewal.org.
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Dairy Cow Camp Prepares Future Dairy Leaders; Area 4-H’ers Need to Register Now

Contact: Karla Deaver, 4-H youth development specialist
Headquartered in Lawrence County
Tel: (417) 466-3102
E-mail: deaverk@missouri.edu

SPRINGFIELD, Mo. -- Youth ages 8-18 interested in learning about the dairy industry will want to register for 4-H Dairy Cow Camp, scheduled for May 24-26 in Springfield, Mo.

“This camp draws attention to the importance of farming and its important role in Missouri’s economy.  It provides youth a hands-on opportunity to care for dairy animals and learn about many aspects of dairy production while learning life-skills at the same time,” according to Karla Deaver, 4-H youth development specialist with University of Missouri Extension.

Campers work in pairs under the direction of adults and take part in workshops to learn about judging dairy animals, dairy management, animal care ethics and showmanship.  Persons working in the dairy industry visit with campers about careers in the dairy industry as well.
 
Participants at the 2014 cow camp will also be certified in the Show-Me Quality Assurance program.  The primary goal of the program is to increase the knowledge and awareness of Missouri youth about food quality issues related to animal production.

A judging contest and showmanship competition provide the culmination for the camp.  

4-H Dairy Cow Camp is a cooperative program between University of Missouri Extension and a number of industry sponsors, including Robthom Dairy, Dairy Farmers of America, Southwest Dairy Farmers, Sancrest Specialized Transport, MFA, Missouri Ayrshire Breeders Association, Missouri Brown Swiss Association, Missouri Dairy Association, Missouri Holstein Association, Missouri Guernsey Breeders Association, Missouri Jersey Breeders Association, Missouri Junior Holstein Association, Land O’Lakes/Purina, So-Mo Agri-Supply, John Underwood, Monsanto Company, FCS Financial and the Missouri 4-H Foundation.

The registration brochure and health form for the Dairy Cow Camp may be found online at http://extension.missouri.edu/lawrence .

For more information about cow camp, contact Karla Deaver at the Lawrence County Extension Center in Mt. Vernon, (417) 466-3102, or your local county extension center.
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